My top 3 picks, before the long list
If you only read one section, read this: one pick for most people, one for a careful budget, one to grow into.

Best overall
ArturiaMIDI controller
MiniLab 3 MIDI Controller
A compact 25-key controller with pads and knobs. It is a tool for playing into a computer or app, so I recommend it only to a learner who already records or composes.
I suggest it for a laptop and a small desk, for making music rather than learning technique.
See it on Amazon
Best value
Akai ProfessionalMIDI controller
MPK Mini IV 25-Key MIDI Controller
25-key USB controller for apps and DAWs. The Akai Professional MPK Mini IV 25-Key MIDI Controller is one of my careful first-budget picks for this list.
I suggest it for making music on a laptop or tablet; it is a tool, not a piano for building technique.
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Premium pick
M-AudioMIDI controller
Hammer 88 MIDI Controller
An 88-key weighted hammer-action controller with no sound of its own. The M-Audio Hammer 88 MIDI Controller is one of my premium picks for this list.
I suggest it for a pianist who wants real piano touch for software pianos and notation.
See it on AmazonA MIDI keyboard controller is a keyboard that sends notes to software: a virtual piano, a notation program, a recording program or a learning app. It is a tool, not a replacement for a piano with weighted keys. I recommend one to an adult who already records or composes, or who wants a software piano on a desk. If you are choosing your first piano, start at my digital piano pages instead. I describe each controller by what its listing states.
Why trust a concert pianist's picks?
I recommend this gear because it is what my adult students need to work through my free 41-lesson course and, later, to use with my upcoming method books. I am a concert pianist and a university piano professor, and these are the kinds of tools I look at first when a student asks what to buy.

Akai ProfessionalMIDI controller
MPK Mini IV 25-Key MIDI Controller
25-key USB controller for apps and DAWs. The Akai Professional MPK Mini IV 25-Key MIDI Controller is one of my careful first-budget picks for this list.
I suggest it for making music on a laptop or tablet; it is a tool, not a piano for building technique.
See it on Amazon
M-AudioMIDI controller
Keystation 49 MK3 MIDI Controller
49 keys, plugs into DAW or piano apps. The M-Audio Keystation 49 MK3 MIDI Controller is one of my careful first-budget picks for this list.
I suggest it for a learner who records or composes on a computer and wants keys to play into.
See it on Amazon
Native InstrumentsMIDI controller
Komplete Kontrol M32 MIDI Controller
32 mini keys, software integration. The Native Instruments Komplete Kontrol M32 MIDI Controller is one of my careful first-budget picks for this list.
I suggest it for a learner who records or composes on a computer and wants keys to play into; this one is the Native Instruments Komplete Kontrol M32 MIDI Controller.
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Akai ProfessionalMIDI controller
MPK Mini Plus 37-Key Controller
37 keys. The Akai Professional MPK Mini Plus 37-Key Controller is one of my careful first-budget picks for this list.
I suggest it for a learner who records or composes on a computer and wants keys to play into; this one is the Akai Professional MPK Mini Plus 37-Key Controller.
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Akai ProfessionalMIDI controller
MPK Mini Play MK3 25-Key
25 keys with built-in sounds. The Akai Professional MPK Mini Play MK3 25-Key is one of my careful first-budget picks for this list.
I suggest it for making music on a laptop or tablet; it is a tool, not a piano for building technique; this one is the Akai Professional MPK Mini Play MK3 25-Key.
See it on Amazon
M-AudioMIDI controller
Keystation 61 MK3 MIDI Controller
61 keys USB MIDI controller. The M-Audio Keystation 61 MK3 MIDI Controller is one of my careful first-budget picks for this list.
I suggest it for a learner who records or composes on a computer and wants keys to play into; this one is the M-Audio Keystation 61 MK3 MIDI Controller.
See it on Amazon
ArturiaMIDI controller
KeyLab Essential mk3 49-Key Controller
49-key controller for DAW work. The Arturia KeyLab Essential mk3 49-Key Controller is one of my careful first-budget picks for this list.
I suggest it for a learner who records or composes on a computer and wants keys to play into; this one is the Arturia KeyLab Essential mk3 49-Key Controller.
See it on Amazon
M-AudioMIDI controller
Keystation 88 MK3 MIDI Controller
88 semi-weighted keys for apps and DAW. Semi-weighted keys are a step below the hammer-action feel I would prefer for serious study, so I suggest it only as a first budget.
I suggest it for a learner who records or composes on a computer and wants keys to play into; this one is the M-Audio Keystation 88 MK3 MIDI Controller.
See it on Amazon
NektarMIDI controller
SE49 49-Key MIDI Controller
A 49-key USB MIDI controller. The Nektar SE49 49-Key MIDI Controller is one of my careful first-budget picks for this list.
I suggest it for playing virtual pianos on a computer without a large instrument.
See it on Amazon
ArturiaMIDI controller
MiniLab 3 MIDI Controller
A compact 25-key controller with pads and knobs. It is a tool for playing into a computer or app, so I recommend it only to a learner who already records or composes.
I suggest it for a laptop and a small desk, for making music rather than learning technique.
See it on Amazon
M-AudioMIDI controller
Oxygen 49 MKV MIDI Controller
A 49-key USB controller with simple software controls. The M-Audio Oxygen 49 MKV MIDI Controller is one of my mid-range picks for this list.
I suggest it for a learner who wants a full-size keyboard feel for software pianos.
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NovationMIDI controller
FLkey 49 MIDI Controller
A 49-key controller made to work with FL Studio. The Novation FLkey 49 MIDI Controller is one of my mid-range picks for this list.
I suggest it for a musician who writes music in FL Studio.
See it on Amazon
NovationMIDI controller
Launchkey 49 MK4 MIDI Controller
A 49-key controller with pads and controls for music software. The Novation Launchkey 49 MK4 MIDI Controller is one of my mid-range picks for this list.
I suggest it for a composer or producer starting with a computer and a keyboard.
See it on AmazonWhat is a MIDI keyboard controller?
A keyboard that sends note and control messages to a computer or tablet but does not make sound itself. The software turns those notes into piano or any other sound.
Can I learn piano on a MIDI controller?
Only if it has weighted, piano-style keys and you are also practicing technique. A small synth-action controller is a tool for software, not a piano.
Do I need to buy software with a MIDI controller?
Many controllers include some software; check the listing. Computers and tablets also have free piano sounds and music programs.
How many keys should a MIDI controller have?
49 keys cover most software uses; 88 keys with weighted action suit a pianist who wants the full range.
Shopping outside the US? Do these links work in the UK, Canada, Australia or Europe?
Yes. The links go to Amazon.com and open your local Amazon store when the model is sold there: the UK, Canada, Australia, Germany, France, Italy, Spain, the Netherlands, Poland, Sweden and Singapore. Models, voltages and plugs differ by country, so on your local listing check for the 230-volt or UK-plug version of a digital piano or a suitable mains adapter, and check that the sustain pedal, bench (keyboard stool) or keyboard stand you want is sold in your country. If a model is not sold locally, the page will say so.